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《旧约概论》先知书(九)---耶利米书中的基督及优美锦句

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  • 4月23日
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十二. 耶利米书中的基督


(一)耶利米书有关基督的预表

 

“耶稣到了该撒利亚腓立比的境内,就问门徒说,‘人说我人子是谁?”他们说,‘有人说是施洗的约翰。有人说是以利亚。又有人说是耶利米,或是先知里的一位。’”(太16:13-14)

 

先知耶利米乃耶稣基督的预表。

 

A. 耶利米与主耶稣的对比

 

1. 同处亡国的时代;

2. 同作万国的先知;

3. 同为本乡所迫害;

4. 生平多痛苦忧患;

5. 为众人戏弄侮辱;

6. 为耶路撒冷哀哭;

7. 直斥假宗教之恶;

8. 事奉艰难不妥协;

9. 孤独患难与神交;

10    如同羔羊就死地。

 

耶利米被称为泪眼先知,或哭泣的先知。而主耶稣也是“多受痛苦,常经忧患。”


“耶稣快到耶路撒冷看见城,就为它哀哭。”(路19:41)


“耶路撒冷阿,耶路撒冷阿,你常杀害先知,又用石头打死那奉差遣到你这里来的人。我多次愿意聚集你的儿女,好像母鸡把小鸡聚集在翅膀底下,只是你们不愿意。看哪,你们的家成为荒场,留给你们。”(太23:37-38)


B. 活水的泉源

 

“因为我的百姓作了两件恶事,就是离弃我这活水的泉源,为自己凿出池子,是破裂不能存水的池子。”(耶2:13)


“人若喝我所赐的水就永远不渴。我所赐的水,要在他里头成为泉源,直涌到永生。”(约4:14)


“节期的末日,就是最大之日,耶稣站着高声说,人若渴了,可以到我这里来喝。信我的人,就如经上所说,从他腹中要流出活水的江河来。”(约7:37-38)


C. 神的好牧人

 

“耶和华说,‘那些残害,赶散我草场之羊的牧人有祸了。耶和华以色列的神斥责那些牧养祂百姓的牧人,如此说,你们赶散我的羊群,并没有看顾他们。我必讨你们这行恶的罪。’这是耶和华说的。‘我要将我羊群中所余剩的,从我赶他们到的各国内招聚出来,领他们归回本圈。他们也必生养众多。我必设立照管他们的牧人,牧养他们。他们不再惧怕,不再惊惶,也不缺少一个。’这是耶和华说的。”(耶23:1-4)


“我是好牧人,好牧人为羊舍命。若是雇工,不是牧人,羊也不是他自己的,他看见狼来,就撇下羊逃走。狼抓住羊,赶散了羊群。雇工逃走,因他是雇工,并不顾念羊。我是好牧人。我认识我的羊,我的羊也认识我。”(约10:11-14)


D. 基列的乳香

 

“在基列岂没有乳香呢?在那里岂没有医生呢?我百姓为何不得医治呢?”(耶 8:22)


基列是以色列约旦河东之地,以盛产乳香药膏而闻名。”乳香”具有药用价值,象征医治、安慰、修复。“基列的乳香”在耶利米中是基督弥赛亚的预表。


因为旧约提到医治,新约应验在耶稣基督身上。耶稣说:“健康的人用不着医生,有病的人才用得着。”(太9:12)


在属灵意义上,基列的乳香预表耶稣基督的救赎和医治。乳香是医治身体的药膏,耶稣基督是医治人灵魂的救主;乳香是外在的药膏,主耶稣带来内在的罪得赦免与更新,祂是唯一真正能医治罪人灵魂的“乳香”和“大医生。”

 

     二.《耶利米书》中的基督


A. 大卫公义的苗裔


“耶和华说,‘日子将到,我要给大卫兴起一个公义的苗裔。祂必掌王权,行事有智慧,在地上施行公平和公义。在祂的日子,犹大必得救,以色列也安然居住。祂的名必称为耶和华我们的义。”(耶23:5-6)


“我要给大卫兴起一个公义的苗裔。”回应撒下7:12-16神对大卫的应许,显明弥赛亚的人性;


“祂的名必称为耶和华我们的义。” 祂的名字“耶和华我们的义”显明弥赛亚的神性。


“当那日子,那时候,我必使大卫公义的苗裔长起来。祂必在地上施行公平和公义。在那日子犹大必得救,耶路撒冷必安然居住,祂的名必称为耶和华我们的义。”(耶33:15-16)


B . 弥赛亚作为君王与祭司

 

耶30-33章别称为“安慰的书卷。”(Book of Comfort)


“你们却要事奉耶和华你们的神和我为你们所要兴起的王大卫。故此,耶和华说,我的仆人雅各阿,不要惧怕。以色列阿,不要惊惶。因我要从远方拯救你,从被掳到之地拯救你的后裔。雅各必回来得享平靖安逸,无人使他害怕。… 他们的君王必是属乎他们的。掌权的必从他们中间而出。我要使祂就近我,祂也要亲近我。不然,谁有胆量亲近我呢?这是耶和华说的。你们要作我的子民,我要作你们的神。”(耶30:9-10;21-22)


在末后的世代,神要为以色列兴起他们的王大卫。大卫是以色列历史上伟大的君王,但这里说的王“大卫”并不是原来的大卫王,乃是第二个大卫,或新的大卫,即弥赛亚。(耶30:9)


不仅如此,祂还要做耶和华神的祭司,因为“我要使祂就近我,祂也要亲近我。”有谁能够亲近神而站立得住呢?“谁有胆量亲近我呢?”因此,祂必是神所悦纳、所膏立的弥赛亚。


这一位弥赛亚承担君王和祭司双重的职任,因此祂必是兼具神性和人性的耶稣基督莫属。


C . 新约的中保

 

“耶和华说,‘日子将到,我要与以色列家和犹大家另立新约,不像我拉着他们祖宗的手,领他们出埃及地的时候,与他们所立的约。我虽作他们的丈夫,他们却背了我的约。’这是耶和华说的。耶和华说,‘那些日子以后,我与以色列家所立的约乃是这样,我要将我的律法放在他们里面,写在他们心上。我要作他们的神,他们要作我的子民。他们各人不再教导自己的邻舍和自己的弟兄说,你该认识耶和华,因为他们从最小的到至大的都必认识我。我要赦免他们的罪孽,不再记念他们的罪恶。’这是耶和华说的。”(耶31:31-34)


神与以色列和犹大家另立新约,将神的律法放在他们心里,他们必认识耶和华,神要赦免他们的罪孽,不再纪念他们的罪恶。这新约乃是基于耶稣基督在十字架上的舍身流血。


“他们吃的时候,耶稣拿起饼来,祝福,就掰开,递给门徒,说,‘你们拿着吃,这是我的身体。’又拿起杯来,祝谢了,递给他们,说,‘你们都喝这个。因为这是我立约的血,为多人流出来,使罪得赦。但我告诉你们,从今以后,我不再喝这葡萄汁,直到我在我父的国里,同你们喝新的那日子。’”(太26:26-29)


“所以主指责他的百姓说,‘日子将到,我要与以色列家,和犹大家,另立新约。不像我拉着他们祖宗的手,领他们出埃及的时候,与他们所立的约。因为他们不恒心守我的约,我也不理他们。’这是主说的。主又说,‘那些日子以后,我与以色列家所立的约乃是这样。我要将我的律法放在他们里面,写在他们心上,我要作他们的神,他们要作我的子民。他们不用各人教导自己的乡邻,和自己的弟兄,说,你该认识主。因为他们从最小的到至大的,都必认识我。我要宽恕他们的不义,不再记念他们的罪愆。’既说新约,就以前约为旧了。但那渐旧渐衰的,就必快归无有了。”(来8:8-13)


D. 弥赛亚的应许

 

“耶和华说,‘日子将到,我应许以色列家和犹大家的恩言必然成就。当那日子,那时候,我必使大卫公义的苗裔长起来。祂必在地上施行公平和公义。在那日子犹大必得救,耶路撒冷必安然居住,祂的名必称为耶和华我们的义。因为耶和华如此说,大卫必永不断人坐在以色列家的宝座上。祭司,利未人在我面前也不断人献燔祭,烧素祭,时常办理献祭的事。’耶和华的话临到耶利米说,耶和华如此说,‘你们若能废弃我所立白日黑夜的约,使白日黑夜不按时轮转,就能废弃我与我仆人大卫所立的约,使他没有儿子在他的宝座上为王,并能废弃我与事奉我的祭司,利未人所立的约。天上的万象不能数算,海边的尘沙也不能斗量。我必照样使我仆人大卫的后裔和事奉我的利未人多起来。’ 耶和华的话临到耶利米说,‘你没有揣摩这百姓的话吗?他们说,耶和华所拣选的二族,他已经弃绝了。他们这样藐视我的百姓,以为不再成国。耶和华如此说,若是我立白日黑夜的约不能存住,若是我未曾安排天地的定例,我就弃绝雅各的后裔和我仆人大卫的后裔,不使大卫的后裔治理亚伯拉罕,以撒,雅各的后裔。因为我必使他们被掳的人归回,也必怜悯他们。”(耶33:14-26)


神与大卫家族立约,大卫不断有后裔坐在他的宝座上;神与利未家族立约,利未人必不断人献燔祭,时常办理献祭的事。神以“所立白日黑夜的约”为兆头,显明神与大卫和利未家的立约将坚立到永久。这在耶稣基督身上得到完全及最终的应验。


十三. 耶利米书的优美锦句


1.      “我未将你造在腹中,我已晓得你。你未出母胎,我已分别你为圣。我已派你作列国的先知。”(耶1:5)


"Before I formed you in the womb I knew you, before you were born I set you apart; I appointed you as a prophet to the nations."


2.  “看哪,我今日立你在列邦列国之上,为要施行拔出,拆毁,毁坏,倾覆,又要建立,栽植。”(耶1:10)

 

See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant."

 

3.  “看哪,我今日使你成为坚城,铁柱,铜墙,与全地和犹大的君王,首领,祭司,并地上的众民反对。他们要攻击你,却不能胜你。因为我与你同在,要拯救你。这是耶和华说的。”(耶1:18-19)

 

Today I have made you a fortified city, an iron pillar and a bronze wall to stand against the whole land--against the kings of Judah, its officials, its priests and the people of the land. They will fight against you but will not overcome you, for I am with you and will rescue you," declares the LORD.”

 

4.  “因为我的百姓作了两件恶事,就是离弃我这活水的泉源,为自己凿出池子,是破裂不能存水的池子。”(耶2:13)

 

"My people have committed two sins: They have forsaken me, the spring of living water, and have dug their own cisterns, broken cisterns that cannot hold water.

 

5.  “我的肺腑阿,我的肺腑阿,我心疼痛。我心在我里面烦躁不安。我不能静默不言,因为我已经听见角声和打仗的喊声。”(耶4:19)

 

Oh, my anguish, my anguish! I writhe in pain. Oh, the agony of my heart! My heart pounds within me, I cannot keep silent. For I have heard the sound of the trumpet; I have heard the battle cry.

 

6.  “耶和华说,你们怎麽不惧怕我呢?我以永远的定例,用沙为海的界限,水不得越过。因此,你们在我面前还不战兢吗?波浪虽然翻腾,却不能逾越。虽然匍匐,却不能过去。”(耶5:22)

 

“”Should you not fear Me?" declares the LORD. "Should you not tremble in My presence? I made the sand a boundary for the sea, an everlasting barrier it cannot cross. The waves may roll, but they cannot prevail; they may roar, but they cannot cross it.

 

7.  “但愿我的头为水,我的眼为泪的泉源,我好为我百姓中被杀的人昼夜哭泣。”(耶9:1)

 

Oh, that my head were a spring of water and my eyes a fountain of tears! I would weep day and night for the slain of my people.

 

8.  “耶和华如此说,智慧人不要因他的智慧夸口,勇士不要因他的勇力夸口,财主不要因他的财物夸口。夸口的却因他有聪明,认识我是耶和华,又知道我喜悦在世上施行慈爱,公平,和公义,以此夸口。这是耶和华说的。”(耶9:23-24)

 

This is what the LORD says: "Let not the wise man boast of his wisdom or the strong man boast of his strength or the rich man boast of his riches, but let him who boasts boast about this: that he understands and knows me, that I am the LORD, who exercises kindness, justice and righteousness on earth, for in these I delight," declares the LORD.

 

9.  “耶和华用能力创造大地,用智慧建立世界,用聪明铺张穹苍。祂一发声,空中便有多水激动。祂使云雾从地极上腾。祂造电随雨而闪,从祂府库中带出风来。”(耶10:12-13)

 

But God made the earth by his power; he founded the world by his wisdom and stretched out the heavens by his understanding. When he thunders, the waters in the heavens roar; he makes clouds rise from the ends of the earth. He sends lightning with the rain and brings out the wind from his storehouses.

 

10. “耶和华万军之神阿,我得着你的言语就当食物吃了。你的言语是我心中的欢喜快乐,因我是称为你名下的人。”(耶15:16)

 

When your words came, I ate them; they were my joy and my heart's delight, for I bear your name, O LORD God Almighty.

 

11. “我的痛苦为何长久不止呢?我的伤痕为何无法医治,不能痊愈呢?难道你待我有诡诈,像流干的河道吗?”(耶15:18)

 

Why is my pain unending and my wound grievous and incurable? Will you be to me like a deceptive brook, like a spring that fails?

 

12. “我必使你向这百姓成为坚固的铜墙。他们必攻击你,却不能胜你。因我与你同在,要拯救你,搭救你。这是耶和华说的。”(耶15:20)

 

I will make you a wall to this people, a fortified wall of bronze; they will fight against you but will not overcome you, for I am with you to rescue and save you," declares the LORD.

 

13. “耶和华如此说,倚靠人血肉的膀臂,心中离弃耶和华的,那人有祸了。因他必像沙漠的杜松,不见福乐来到,却要住旷野干旱之处,无人居住的碱地。倚靠耶和华,以耶和华为可靠的,那人有福了。他必像树栽于水旁,在河边扎根,炎热来到,并不惧怕,叶子仍必青翠,在干旱之年毫无挂虑,而且结果不止。”(耶17:5-8)

 

This is what the LORD says: "Cursed is the one who trusts in man, who depends on flesh for his strength and whose heart turns away from the LORD. He will be like a bush in the wastelands; he will not see prosperity when it comes. He will dwell in the parched places of the desert, in a salt land where no one lives." But blessed is the man who trusts in the LORD, whose confidence is in him. He will be like a tree planted by the water that sends out its roots by the stream. It does not fear when heat comes; its leaves are always green. It has no worries in a year of drought and never fails to bear fruit."

 

14. “人心比万物都诡诈,坏到极处,谁能识透呢?我耶和华是鉴察人心,试验人肺腑的,要照各人所行的和他作事的结果报应他。”(耶17:9-10)

 

The heart is deceitful above all things and beyond cure. Who can understand it?” I the LORD search the heart and examine the mind, to reward a man according to his conduct, according to what his deeds deserve."

 

15. “我若说,我不再提耶和华,也不再奉他的名讲论,我便心里觉得似乎有烧着的火闭塞在我骨中,我就含忍不住,不能自禁。”(耶20:9)

 

But if I say, "I will not mention him or speak any more in his name," his word is in my heart like a fire, a fire shut up in my bones. I am weary of holding it in; indeed, I cannot.”

 

16. “地阿,地阿,地阿,当听耶和华的话。耶和华如此说,要写明这人算为无子,是平生不得亨通的。因为他后裔中再无一人得亨通,能坐在大卫的宝座上治理犹大。”(耶22:29-30)

 

O land, land, land, hear the word of the LORD! This is what the LORD says: "Record this man as if childless, a man who will not prosper in his lifetime, for none of his offspring will prosper, none will sit on the throne of David or rule anymore in Judah."

 

17. “耶和华说,日子将到,我要给大卫兴起一个公义的苗裔。祂必掌王权,行事有智慧,在地上施行公平和公义。在祂的日子,犹大必得救,以色列也安然居住。祂的名必称为耶和华我们的义。”(耶23:5-6)

 

"The days are coming," declares the LORD, "when I will raise up to David a righteous Branch, a King who will reign wisely and do what is just and right in the land. In His days Judah will be saved and Israel will live in safety. This is the name by which he will be called: The LORD Our Righteousness.

 

18. “耶和华说,我的话岂不像火,又像能打碎磐石的大锤吗?”(耶23:29)

 

"Is not my word like fire," declares the LORD, "and like a hammer that breaks a rock in pieces?

 

19. “耶和华说,我知道我向你们所怀的意念是赐平安的意念,不是降灾祸的意念,要叫你们末后有指望。你们要呼求我,祷告我,我就应允你们。你们寻求我,若专心寻求我,就必寻见。”(耶29:11-13)

 

For I know the plans I have for you," declares the LORD, "plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future. Then you will call upon me and come and pray to me, and I will listen to you. You will seek me and find me when you seek me with all your heart.

 

20. “古时耶和华向以色列显现,说,我以永远的爱爱你,因此我以慈爱吸引你。”(耶31:3)

 

The LORD appeared to us in the past, saying: "I have loved you with an everlasting love; I have drawn you with loving-kindness.

 

21. “耶和华说,日子将到,我要与以色列家和犹大家另立新约,不像我拉着他们祖宗的手,领他们出埃及地的时候,与他们所立的约。我虽作他们的丈夫,他们却背了我的约。这是耶和华说的。耶和华说,那些日子以后,我与以色列家所立的约乃是这样,我要将我的律法放在他们里面,写在他们心上。我要作他们的神,他们要作我的子民。他们各人不再教导自己的邻舍和自己的弟兄说,你该认识耶和华,因为他们从最小的到至大的都必认识我。我要赦免他们的罪孽,不再记念他们的罪恶。这是耶和华说的。”(耶31:31-34)

 

"The time is coming," declares the LORD, "when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah. It will not be like the covenant I made with their forefathers when I took them by the hand to lead them out of Egypt, because they broke my covenant, though I was a husband to them," declares the LORD." This is the covenant I will make with the house of Israel after that time," declares the LORD. "I will put my law in their minds and write it on their hearts. I will be their God, and they will be my people. No longer will a man teach his neighbor, or a man his brother, saying, 'Know the LORD,' because they will all know me, from the least of them to the greatest," declares the LORD. "For I will forgive their wickedness and will remember their sins no more."  

 

22. “我是耶和华,是凡有血气者的神,岂有我难成的事吗?”(耶32:27)

 

"I am the LORD, the God of all mankind. Is anything too hard for me?” 

 

23. “你求告我,我就应允你,并将你所不知道,又大又难的事指示你。”(耶33:3)

 

“Call to Me and I will answer you and tell you great and unsearchable things you do not know.”

 

24. “耶和华如此说,你们若能废弃我所立白日黑夜的约,使白日黑夜不按时轮转,就能废弃我与我仆人大卫所立的约,使他没有儿子在他的宝座上为王,并能废弃我与事奉我的祭司,利未人所立的约。天上的万象不能数算,海边的尘沙也不能斗量。我必照样使我仆人大卫的后裔和事奉我的利未人多起来。”(耶33:20-22)

 

"This is what the LORD says: 'If you can break my covenant with the day and my covenant with the night, so that day and night no longer come at their appointed time, then my covenant with David my servant--and my covenant with the Levites who are priests ministering before me--can be broken and David will no longer have a descendant to reign on his throne. I will make the descendants of David my servant and the Levites who minister before me as countless as the stars of the sky and as measureless as the sand on the seashore.'"

 

25. “耶和华如此说,若是我立白日黑夜的约不能存住,若是我未曾安排天地的定例,我就弃绝雅各的后裔和我仆人大卫的后裔,不使大卫的后裔治理亚伯拉罕,以撒,雅各的后裔。因为我必使他们被掳的人归回,也必怜悯他们。”(耶33:25-26)

 

This is what the LORD says: 'If I have not established my covenant with day and night and the fixed laws of heaven and earth,then I will reject the descendants of Jacob and David my servant and will not choose one of his sons to rule over the descendants of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. For I will restore their fortunes and have compassion on them.'"

 

26. “你为自己图谋大事吗?不要图谋。”(耶45:5)

 

Should you then seek great things for yourself? Seek them not.

 

问题讨论:

 

1.  先知耶利米在哪些方面预表主耶稣?耶利米书中有哪些经文预言或预表主耶稣?


2.  在耶利米书的历史背景中,你如何理解新约的重要意义?


3.  耶利米书中有哪些经文对你有触动?为什么?


4.  先知耶利米何时、如何蒙召?神如何坚固他使他刚强胜过艰难?


5.  先知耶利米有什么性格特点,使得神选中他从事这一不受人欢迎、却是神所看重的职分?


6.  先知耶利米对同胞的真情如何体现?他因何遭受苦待、责打、囚禁?换作你是否能坚持?


7.  先知耶利米的一生,哪些方面是对你最有触动的?你从耶利米身上学到什么?


8.  神责备以色列百姓什么恶事?这些恶事是否也是你我常犯的?


9.  “人心比万物都诡诈,坏到极处”(耶17:9),你如何理解这句话?


10. 耶29:11教导我们如何在困难或试炼中仰望神的慈爱和应许?


11. 旧约和新约分别是为谁设立的?有哪些相似和不同?新约信徒如何参与领受新约的祝福?


12. 本书有哪些弥赛亚救赎的预言?对以色列被掳及归回有哪些预言?


13. 耶利米书的总体信息对你有何启发和帮助?


感谢主

任运生牧师

主后二零二五年四月二十三日

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2003年,一群来自母会海华郡中华圣经教会(CBCHC)的基督徒领受神的异象,有感于巴尔的摩地区众多华人同胞的福音需要,于同年9月租用 Shelbourne Baptist Church 的场地开始聚会,并成立巴郡中华圣经教会 (CBCBC)。教会于2017年9月搬至新租用的Holy Nativity Lutheran Church,主要服事来自世界各地的华人移民,周边学校的华人学生学者,在美国出生的亚洲人, 及跨文化和美国的家庭。我们除了主日中文崇拜,还办有成人主日学以及针对学前班和学龄班的主日学,同时提供婴儿照看。

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