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约翰福音信息之四十六---你们若不信我是基督

约8:21-30


旧约列王记上22章记载这样一个故事:以色列王亚哈联合犹大王约沙法去攻打吉列的拉末,约沙法请亚哈先求问耶和华。于是亚哈召来四百个先知,众人异口同声地说,“可以上去!”(王上22:6)


但犹大王约沙法似乎对这些先知不大信任。“以色列王对约沙法说,‘还有一个人,是音拉的儿子米该雅,我们可以托他求问耶和华,只是我恨他。因为他指着我所说的预言,不说吉语,单说凶言。’”(王上22:8)


“The king of Israel answered Jehoshaphat, "There is still one man through whom we can inquire of the LORD, but I hate him because he never prophesies anything good about me, but always bad. He is Micaiah son of Imlah."”(1 Kings 22:8)


于是先知米该雅被带到王的面前。“米该雅说,我看见以色列众民散在山上,如同没有牧人的羊群一般。耶和华说,这民没有主人,他们可以平平安安地各归各家去。”(王上22:17)


“Then Micaiah answered, "I saw all Israel scattered on the hills like sheep without a shepherd, and the LORD said, 'These people have no master. Let each one go home in peace.'"”(1 Kings 22:17)


先知米该雅果然“不说吉语、单说凶言。”


亚哈王对先知恼羞成怒,吩咐人将他囚在监里,自己执意上阵。但结果正如先知所预言的。


“有一人随便开弓,恰巧射入以色列王的甲缝里。…到晚上,王就死了。”(王上22:34-35)


“But someone drew his bow at random and hit the king of Israel between the sections of his armor. … and that evening he died.”(1 Kings 22:34-35)


“凶言”是人人都不爱听的,哪怕是忠言逆耳!


无独有偶,那位曾经打发祂的仆人先知米该雅警告以色列王亚哈的主---耶稣基督,几百年后祂自己亲自来到以色列中间,也是对以色列领袖发出同样的“凶言”---


“你们要死在罪中。…你们若不信我是基督,必要死在罪中。”(约8:21;24)

“you … will die in your sin. … if you do not believe that I am He, you will die in your sins.”(John 8:21;24,NKJV)


一. 罪的真实


“耶稣又对他们说,‘我要去了,你们要找我,并且你们要死在罪中。我所去的地方,你们不能到。’”(约8:21)


“Once more Jesus said to them, "I am going away, and you will look for Me, and you will die in your sin. Where I go, you cannot come."”(John 8:21)


主耶稣曾经对犹太人说过类似的话。


“于是耶稣说,‘我还有不多的时候和你们同在,以后就回到差我来的那里去。你们要找我,却找不着。我所在的地方你们不能到。’”(约7:33-34)


“Jesus said, "I am with you for only a short time, and then I go to the one who sent Me. You will look for Me, but you will not find Me; and where I am, you cannot come."”(John 7:33-34)


“我要去了。”(“I am going away.”)主耶稣在此预言祂自己的十字架,祂的死,以及祂复活升天回到父神那里。


“你们要找我。”(“and you will look for Me.”)


主耶稣被钉十字架、受死埋葬、复活升天之后,法利赛人要寻找主耶稣的身体,以证明耶稣复活不过是谣言罢了。但他们找不到主耶稣的身体,因为祂已经复活升天了。


“你们要找我,”也指明以色列人仍然继续翘首以盼等待他们的弥赛亚,然而真正的弥赛亚此刻正在他们中间,他们竟瞎眼不见。继续等待他们所谓的弥赛亚必是徒劳的。


“你们要死在罪中。”( “You will die in your sin.”)


什么是罪?


“Sin is any failure to conform to the moral law of God in act, attitude, or nature.”(Systematic Theology, Wayne Grudem)“罪是任何不符合神的道德律的行为、态度或本性。”


根据这个定义,罪包括违背神道德律的罪恶行为、污秽不洁的心思意念、以及与生俱来悖逆神的犯罪倾向、状态和本性。


“世人都犯了罪,亏缺了神的荣耀。”(罗3:23)


“ All have sinned and fall short of the glory of God.”(Rom 3:23)


所以,根据圣经的定义,一切亏缺神的荣耀的言语、行为、意念、状态都是罪。


约8:21中“你们要死在罪中”的“罪”这个字,是单数(sin),下文约8:24的“罪”是复数(sins),这两处有何分别?

约8:21单数的“罪”(sin)指两种情形。


第一, 指因为亚当堕落导致人与生俱来、并且一代一代传递的天然犯罪倾向和本质,即原罪。


“我是在罪孽里生的。在我母亲怀胎的时候,就有了罪。”(诗51:5)

“Surely I was sinful at birth, sinful from the time my mother conceived me.”(Ps 51:5)


“就如经上所记,‘没有义人,连一个也没有。没有明白的,没有寻求神的。都是偏离正路,一同变为无用。没有行善的,连一个也没有。’”(罗3:10-12)

“As it is written: "There is no one righteous, not even one; there is no one who understands, no one who seeks God. All have turned away, they have together become worthless; there is no one who does good, not even one."”(Rom 3:10-12)


第二, 指否认、不信、拒绝、抵挡耶稣基督的罪。因为没有任何一样罪大到神不能赦免,唯有拒绝耶稣基督的罪使罪人无法得到赦免。不是神不能赦免,而是人拒绝神的赦免。


“因为神差祂的儿子降世,不是要定世人的罪,乃是要叫世人因祂得救。信祂的人,不被定罪。不信的人,罪已经定了,因为他不信神独生子的名。”(约3:17-18)

“For God did not send His Son into the world to condemn the world, but to save the world through Him. Whoever believes in Him is not condemned, but whoever does not believe stands condemned already because he has not believed in the name of God's one and only Son.”(John 3:17-18)


因此,不是拒绝相信耶稣使人有罪,乃是人已经被定罪,不信耶稣只是他拒绝了神赦罪的救赎。


当主耶稣说,“我所去的地方,你们不能到”(Where I go, you cannot come)时,指的是祂要回到父神那里去,犹太人因为罪不能到父那里去。然而,他们不明白,更准确地说,他们拒绝明白。


在约翰福音的语境中,“犹太人”(The Jews)通常指以色列宗教领袖,祭司长、文士、法利赛人等。在约8:21-25的记载中,可以看到他们的罪主要表现在以下几点:


  1. 骄傲自义

“犹太人说,祂说我所去的地方,你们不能到,难道祂要自尽吗?’”(约8:22)


“This made the Jews ask, "Will He kill Himself? Is that why He says, 'Where I go, you cannot come'?"”(John 8:22)


以色列宗教领袖以自己是亚伯拉罕的后裔自居,他们认为自己是神的选民,得救、永生、天堂等是他们当然应得的。犹太历史学家约瑟夫记载,根据犹太传统,自杀的人要被丢进地狱的最深处,因此他们讥讽的口吻带有咒骂性质:“难道祂要自尽吗?”


2. 沉溺世界


“耶稣对他们说,‘你们是从下头来的,我是从上头来的。你们是属这世界的,我不是属这世界的。’”(约8:23)


“But He continued, “You are from below; I am from above. You are of this world; I am not of this world.””(John 8:23)


“世界”一词偶尔代表神创造的自然界或代表世人,但在约翰福音中,“世界”通常指这个堕落的、黑暗的、悖逆的、邪恶的、败坏的、淫乱的、抵挡神的世俗系统和价值体系。


用主耶稣的话说,这是“一个邪恶淫乱的世代。”(太16:4)魔鬼是这个世界的神,世界的王。法利赛人成为魔鬼的代言人。


“你们是出于你们的父魔鬼,你们父的私欲,你们偏要行,他从起初是杀人的,不守真理。因他心里没有真理,他说谎是出于自己,因他本来是说谎的,也是说谎之人的父。”(约8:44)


“You belong to your father, the devil, and you want to carry out your father's desire. He was a murderer from the beginning, not holding to the truth, for there is no truth in him. When he lies, he speaks his native language, for he is a liar and the father of lies.”(John 8:44)


3. 拒绝不信


“所以我对你们说,‘你们要死在罪中,你们若不信我是基督,必要死在罪中。’”(约8:24)


“I told you that you would die in your sins; if you do not believe that I am the one I claim to be, you will indeed die in your sins.”(John 8:24)


法利赛人因着先入为主的偏见和无可救药的傲慢,他们拒绝聆听主耶稣的权柄教训,他们拒绝考察主耶稣的神迹作为,毫无理由地抵挡耶稣基督。


“你们…必要死在罪中。”(“You will indeed die in your sins.”)


这里的“罪”是复数,除了不信耶稣基督的罪之外,复数的“罪”指他们所犯下的形形色色的实际的罪。马太福音第二十三章,记载主耶稣严厉斥责法利赛人的七祸:他们将天国的门关了,侵吞寡妇的家产,使人做地狱之子,不行律法的公义,心里盛满勒索和放荡,如同粉饰的坟墓,外面好看,里面却装满假善和不法…


“你们这些蛇类,毒蛇之种阿,怎能逃脱地狱的刑罚呢?”(太23:33)


“You snakes! You brood of vipers! How will you escape being condemned to hell?”(Matt 23:33)


一个拒绝耶稣基督的人,一个拒绝耶稣基督的社会,必然陷入不可自拔的罪恶深坑!


4. 傲慢无知


“他们就问他说,‘你是谁’?”(约8:25)


“"Who are you?" they asked.”(John 8:25)


主耶稣说,”你们若不信我是基督,必要死在罪中。’”(约8:24)


“If you do not believe that I am the one I claim to be, you will indeed die in your sins.”(John 8:24)


“你们若不信我是基督,”“基督”两个字是翻译时加上去的,本来应该是---


“你们若不相信我是!”(“If you do not believe I Am.”)


英文翻译:“If you do not believe that I Am He,”(NKJV)“If you do not believe that I am the One I claim to be,”(NIV)


其中的“He”(NKJV)与“The One I claim to be”(NIV)也都是翻译时加上去的。因此,这里又出现约翰福音中一个极其特殊、富有重要神学意义的词汇:“我是”(I Am)!


“我是”(I Am)是耶稣基督神性的宣称。以色列的宗教领袖是听得懂的,他们明白耶稣说话的意思。于是他们便不无挖苦地问道:


“你是谁?”(Who are You?)


“Σὺ τίς εἶ ?”


直译应该是:“你---谁,你是?” (“You, who are You?”)


意思是:“你认为你是谁?” (“Who do you think you are?”)


这是极其傲慢无礼的嘲讽!


“愚昧人张扬自己的愚昧。”(箴13:16)


“But a fool exposes his folly.”(Prov 13:16)


“你见自以为有智慧的人吗?愚昧人比他更有指望。”(箴26:12)


“Do you see a man wise in his own eyes? There is more hope for a fool than for him.”(Prov 26:12)


今天的世代如何呢?


变本加厉的堕落、黑暗、悖逆、邪恶、败坏、淫乱、抵挡神!


当国会就男女的差别进行辩论时,来自纽约的民主党议员站起来极其傲慢地说,“God’s will is no concern in this congress.”(神的旨意在国会辩论中不值得一提。)


美国的国会和法院通过一系列的立法和判决,将违背神圣洁立法的系列罪恶非罪化。按照基督信仰和圣经教训,向来被神所恨恶的、不道德的、明显的罪恶如今被常态化、非罪化,向来被推崇的信仰、敬虔、圣洁、诚实、公义等传统美德,反被认为是古板、僵化、守旧、不包容、缺乏爱心,从而被人嘲笑、讥讽、唾弃。这些违背神最初创造目的和设计的丑陋,在媒体、教育、科技巨头等的操控和渲染之下成为时尚、进步和潮流,对年轻一代的毒化和残害无法估量。

最近竞选纽约市长的候选人被问及如何应对纽约市的犯罪率居高不下的问题时如此回答:将毒品犯罪和性犯罪非罪化,就可以把纽约监狱的大部分房间腾空。


如此下去要不了多久,我们的孩子就会跑过来对我们说,大麻是好东西,同性婚姻、一夫多妻、一妻多夫等婚姻是正常的,人的性别可以有七八十种的自由选项,性乱、试婚、堕胎、杀婴、乱伦、安乐死、变性手术等都是人应该被保护的、不可侵犯的权利。


这是一个颠倒是非、善恶不分、混淆黑白的世代!但圣经说,这样的世代有祸了!


“祸哉,那些称恶为善,称善为恶,以暗为光,以光为暗,以苦为甜,以甜为苦的人。”(赛5:20)


“Woe to those who call evil good and good evil, who put darkness for light and light for darkness, who put bitter for sweet and sweet for bitter.”(Isa 5:20)


一个颠倒是非、善恶不分的世代,势必导致各人丢弃道德责任,引发整个社会的动荡与混乱。这岂不正是现今美国社会的真实光景!


教会是社会的良心,基督教会必须毫不妥协地指出公然对抗神的社会罪恶。任何有意忽略人的罪恶、而一味讲爱的所谓福音,都是背叛耶稣基督的虚假福音!对罪恶的放任,不仅是对神的亵慢,也更是对人的残忍。因为你虽然知道却没有向他指明逃脱地狱审判的生路。


这也正是为什么主耶稣对世人发出清晰而严厉的警告:”你们若不信我是基督,必要死在罪中。’”(约8:24)


“For if you do not believe that I am He, you will die in your sins.”(John 8:24,NKJV)


“无病的人用不着医生,有病的人才用得着。我来本不是召义人悔改,乃是召罪人悔改。”(路5:31-32)


“Jesus answered them, "It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick. I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance."”(Luke 5:31-32)


“那并不是福音,不过有些人搅扰你们,要把基督的福音更改了。但无论是我们,是天上来的使者,若传福音给你们,与我们所传给你们的不同,他就应当被咒诅。”(加1:7-8)


“Which is really no gospel at all. Evidently some people are throwing you into confusion and are trying to pervert the gospel of Christ. But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach a gospel other than the one we preached to you, let him be eternally condemned!”(Gal 1:7-8)


二. 主的救赎


“耶稣对他们说,‘就是我从起初所告诉你们的。’”(约8:25)


“"Just what I have been claiming all along," Jesus replied.”(John 8:25)


当犹太人不无讽刺地质问耶稣说“你是谁”时,主耶稣并没有计较他们的傲慢无礼,仍是耐心地回答他们说,“(我)就是从起初所告诉你们的。”


1. 耶稣的身份


耶稣是谁?


祂是神的儿子:“耶稣就对他们说,‘我父作事直到如今,我也作事。’所以犹太人越发想要杀祂。因祂不但犯了安息日,并且称神为祂的父,将自己和神当作平等。”(约5:17-18)


“Jesus said to them, "My Father is always at His work to this very day, and I, too, am working." For this reason the Jews tried all the harder to kill him; not only was he breaking the Sabbath, but he was even calling God his own Father, making himself equal with God. ”(John 5:17-18)


当主耶稣明说祂是神的儿子,犹太人拒绝相信,而且还想要杀祂。


祂是父差来的:“但我有比约翰更大的见证。因为父交给我要我成就的事,就是我所作的事,这便见证我是父所差来的。”(约5:36)


“I have testimony weightier than that of John. For the very work that the Father has given Me to finish, and which I am doing, testifies that the Father has sent Me.”(John 5:36)


祂是生命的粮:“耶稣说,‘我就是生命的粮。到我这里来的,必定不饿。信我的,永远不渴。’”(约6:35)


“Then Jesus declared, "I am the bread of life. He who comes to Me will never go hungry, and he who believes in Me will never be thirsty.”(John 6:35)


祂赐给人永生:“吃我肉,喝我血的人就有永生。在末日我要叫他复活。”(约6:54)


“Whoever eats My flesh and drinks My blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day.”(John 6:54)


祂是活水源泉:“人若渴了,可以到我这里来喝。信我的人,就如经上所说,从他腹中要流出活水的江河来。”(约7:37-38)


“If anyone is thirsty, let him come to Me and drink. Whoever believes in Me, as the Scripture has said, streams of living water will flow from within him.”(John 7:37-38)


祂是世界的光:“我是世界的光。跟从我的,就不在黑暗里走,必要得着生命的光。”(约8:12)


“I am the light of the world. Whoever follows Me will never walk in darkness, but will have the light of life.” (John 8:12)


祂是人子基督:“你们举起人子以后,必知道我是基督。”(约8:28)


“When you lift up the Son of Man, then you will know that I am He.”(John 8:28)


所以,耶稣是谁?


祂是---神的儿子,父差来的,生命的粮,活水源泉,赐人永生,世界的光,救主基督!


如果犹太人能相信接受耶稣一直以来对他们所见证的,该是何等有福!无奈他们硬着心拒绝主。


“‘我有许多事讲论你们,判断你们,但那差我来的是真的。我在祂那里所听见的,我就传给世人。’ 他们不明白耶稣是指着父说的。”(约8:26-27)


“"I have much to say in judgment of you. But He who sent Me is reliable, and what I have heard from Him I tell the world." They did not understand that He was telling them about His Father.”(John 8:26-27)


主耶稣本可以有许多话讲论他们,判断他们,因为祂知道他们的内心。主耶稣知道他们已经立定心意不信祂、拒绝祂,耶稣的讲论只能增添他们刚硬拒绝的罪恶,所以主耶稣只说父要祂说的话。祂所说的一切都是父的话,因而是真实、可信、有效的。但法利赛人不知道主耶稣是指着父说的,因为他们拒绝相信主耶稣是父所差来的,并且一直与主同在。


2. 耶稣的拯救


怎样才能使他们相信耶稣是父神所差来拯救世人呢?


“所以耶稣说,‘你们举起人子以后,必知道我是基督,并且知道我没有一件事,是凭着自己作的。我说这些话,乃是照着父所教训我的。’”(约8:28)


“Then Jesus said to them, "When you lift up the Son of Man, then you will know that I am He, and that I do nothing of Myself; but as My Father taught Me, I speak these things.”(John 8:28,NKJV)


“人子”也显明主耶稣身份。“人子”不仅是主耶稣谦卑的自称,也是基督弥赛亚的一个称号。


“我在夜间的异象中观看,见有一位像人子的,驾着天云而来,被领到亘古常在者面前,得了权柄,荣耀,国度,使各方,各国,各族的人都事奉祂。祂的权柄是永远的,不能废去。祂的国必不败坏。”(但7:13-14)


“"I was watching in the night visions, And behold, One like the Son of Man, Coming with the clouds of heaven! He came to the Ancient of Days, And they brought Him near before Him. Then to Him was given dominion and glory and a kingdom, That all peoples, nations, and languages should serve Him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion, Which shall not pass away, And His kingdom the one Which shall not be destroyed.”(Dan 7:13-14)


“举起人子,”(lift up the Son of Man)在约翰福音中一共出现三次,都是指向耶稣基督的十架与高升!


“摩西在旷野怎样举蛇,人子也必照样被举起来。”(约3:14)


“Just as Moses lifted up the snake in the desert, so the Son of Man must be lifted up.”(John 3:14)


“你们举起人子以后,必知道我是基督。”(约8:28)


“When you lift up the Son of Man, then you will know that I am He.”(John 8:28,NKJV)


“我若从地上被举起来,就要吸引万人来归我。”(约12:32)


“But I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all men to Myself.”(John 12:32)


“举起人子”代表主耶稣的十字架受死。


“难道祂要自尽吗?”(“Will He kill Himself?”)


犹太人本来是一种挖苦和嘲讽,却成了一个反讽性的预言:主耶稣的确为罪人舍命,不是自尽,乃是遵行父神的旨意,为世人被钉死在十字架上,偿还世人“罪的工价乃是死”的赎价。


“举起人子”也预表基督的死而复活及荣耀升天。十字架是圣经最大的似非而是的真理(Paradox), 它是痛苦、死亡、羞辱的记号,同时也是得胜、生命、荣耀的象征。


“(祂)既有人的样子,就自己卑微,存心顺服,以至于死,且死在十字架上。所以神将祂升为至高,又赐给祂那超乎万名之上的名。”(腓2:8-9)


“And being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself and became obedient to death--even death on a cross! Therefore God exalted Him to the highest place and gave Him the Name that is above every name.” (Phil 2:8-9)


“必知道我是基督,” “then you will know that I am He.”


“I Am He” 呼应旧约以赛亚书的宣告。


“明白我就是耶和华,在我以前没有真神。”(赛43:10)


“And understand that I am He. Before Me there was no God formed, Nor shall there be after Me.”(Isa 43:10)


“惟有我为自己的缘故涂抹你的过犯,我也不记念你的罪恶。”(赛43:25)


“"I, even I, am He who blots out your transgressions for My own sake; And I will not remember your sins.”(Isa 43:25)


“雅各,我所选召的以色列阿,当听我言。我是耶和华,我是首先的,也是末后的。”(赛48:12)


“Listen to Me, O Jacob, Israel, whom I have called: I am He; I am the first and I am the last.”(Isa 48:12)


“你们举起人子以后,必知道我是基督。”(约8:28)这在使徒行传耶稣复活升天之后得到应验。


“‘故此,以色列全家当确实的知道,你们钉在十字架上的这位耶稣,神已经立祂为主为基督了。’ 众人听见这话,觉得扎心,就对彼得和其余的使徒说,‘弟兄们,我们当怎样行?’ 彼得说,‘你们各人要悔改,奉耶稣基督的名受洗,叫你们的罪得赦,就必领受所赐的圣灵。’…于是领受他话的人,就受了洗,那一天,门徒约添了三千人。”(徒2:36-41)


“"Therefore let all Israel be assured of this: God has made this Jesus, whom you crucified, both Lord and Christ." When the people heard this, they were cut to the heart and said to Peter and the other apostles, "Brothers, what shall we do?" Peter replied, "Repent and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins. And you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. … Those who accepted his message were baptized, and about three thousand were added to their number that day.”(Acts 2:36-41)


三. 人的回应


“那差我来的,是与我同在。祂没有撇下我独自在这里,因为我常作祂所喜悦的事。耶稣说这话的时候,就有许多人信祂。”(约8:29-30)


““The one who sent me is with Me; He has not left Me alone, for I always do what pleases Him." Even as He spoke, many put their faith in Him.”(John 8:29-30)


尽管在犹太人的拒绝和抵挡中,父神一直与主耶稣同在。主耶稣所说的话,正是父神要说的话,主耶稣所做的事,正是父神要祂做的事。主耶稣将遵行父神的旨意、做成祂的工当作自己的食物。主耶稣的十字架,正是祂对父神完全顺服的明证。因为祂常做父神所喜悦的事。


在强烈的抵挡声中,仍“有许多人信祂。”历代的情形都是如此,世人大多拒绝相信耶稣基督,但始终还有有人相信接受祂。


现今世界的大环境对基督徒很不友善。美国当初以基督信仰和圣经价值观立国,全国人口几乎是清一色的敬虔信徒,如今变得在人群中承认自己是基督徒都需要很大的勇气。微信很多与基督信仰有关的公号被关闭,文章被和谐,甚至仅仅是读圣经的公号也没有存在的空间,令人痛惜。


然而,神依然在人的国中掌权,耶稣基督仍然是万主之主、万王之王!哪怕环境恶略,历世历代仍然有人接受耶稣基督,福音的火炬依然在不断传递。


无论世界变得如何败坏和险恶,天地将要废去,但主耶稣的话语依然立定在天、警钟长鸣!


“我所去的地方,你们不能到。”(约8:21)


“Where I go, you cannot come.”(John 8:21)


“我就是道路,真理,生命。若不借着我,没有人能到父那里去。”(约14:6)


“I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through Me.”(John 14:6)


“你们若不信我是基督,必要死在罪中。”(约824)


“If you do not believe that I am He, you will die in your sins.”(John 8:24,NKJV)


你对主耶稣的话将如何回应呢?

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