士5:15 “在流便的溪水旁有心中定大志的”是什么意思?
“以萨迦的首领与底波拉同来。以萨迦怎样,巴拉也怎样。众人都跟随巴拉冲下平原。在流便的溪水旁有心中定大志的。”(士5:15,和合本)
1. 历史背景:
士师记第五章是底波拉之歌,是巴拉率领以色列人打败夏琐王耶宾、杀死夏琐王的将军西西拉之后,底波拉和巴拉作歌颂赞耶和华。
2. 比较译本
בִּפְלַגּוֹת רְאוּבֵן גְּדֹלִים חִקְקֵי־לֵב (Judges 5:15)
“在流便的溪水旁有心中定大志的。”(士5:15,和合本)
“Among the divisions of Reuben there were great determinations of heart.”(Judges 5:15, NASB)
“Among the clans of Reuben there were great searchings of heart.”(Judges 5:15,ESV)
“For the divisions of Reuben there were great thoughts of heart.”(Judges 5:15,KJV)
“Among the divisions of Reuben there were great resolve of heart.”(Judges 5:15,NKJV)
“在流本的众溪旁,有心怀大志的。”(士5:15,新译本)
3. 上文下理
上文:“底波拉阿,兴起。兴起。你当兴起,兴起,唱歌。亚比挪庵的儿子巴拉阿,你当奋兴,掳掠你的敌人。那时有余剩的贵胄和百姓一同下来。耶和华降临,为我攻击勇士。有根本在亚玛力人的地,从以法莲下来的。便雅悯在民中跟随你。有掌权的从玛吉下来。有持杖检点民数的从西布伦下来。”(士5:12-14)
下文:“你为何坐在羊圈内听群中吹笛的声音呢?在流便的溪水旁有心中设大谋的。基列人安居在约旦河外。但人为何等在船上?亚设人在海口静坐,在港口安居。西布伦人是拚命敢死的。拿弗他利人在田野的高处也是如此。”(士5:16-18)
根据上下文,是在说哪些支派跟随巴拉出去征战,哪些支派没有去征战。为神征战的受称赞,拒绝出站的比如米罗斯(士5:23)受到咒诅。
4. 语法结构
“你(流便)为何坐在羊圈内听群中吹笛的声音呢?”(士5:16)
“以萨迦的首领与底波拉同来。以萨迦怎样,巴拉也怎样。众人都跟随巴拉冲下平原。”(士5:15)
“坐在羊圈”(士5:15a)与“冲下平原”(士5:16a)形成对比和映衬。
“在流便的溪水旁有心中定大志的。”(士5:15)与“在流便的溪水旁有心中设大谋的。”(士5:16)是重复用语。
士5:15-16呈现A-B-A’的交错结构。
A:“在流便的溪水旁有心中定大志的。(士5:15b)
B: 你为何坐在羊圈内听群中吹笛的声音呢?(士5:16a)
A’: 在流便的溪水旁有心中设大谋的。”(士5:16b)
5. 词的意义
בִּפְלַגּוֹת,词根是,[פְּלַגָּה] ,意思是:1. Stream(溪流). 2. division (分支),or sections of tribe. 部落或支派的一部分。
所以,中文翻译为“在流便的溪水旁,”(和合本)
英文翻译为:Among the divisions of Reuben. (NASB)
根据上下文,翻译为“在流便支派内部的分支”比较合适。
חִקְקֵי־לֵב,字根是:חֵקֶק,decree(命令), thought(思想),resolve(决心)。
“Among the divisions of Reuben there were great resolve of heart.”(Judges 5:15,NKJV)
“Deborah celebrates those who rallied to Barak yet laments Reuben’s hesitancy. The term highlights private deliberations that should have issued in courageous action for the Lord.”(Biblehub.com)
士5是在巴拉打败夏琐王之后的底波拉之歌。歌中称赞以色列哪些为神征战的支派,包括以法莲、便雅悯、玛吉(玛拿西支派)、西布伦、以萨迦、拿弗他利。歌中也责备了那些拒绝为主征战的支派,包括:基列(迦得支派)、但和亚设支派,其中士5:23特别提到米罗斯该受咒诅,“因为他们不来帮助耶和华。”(士5:23)其中,流便支派,他们做了许多的讨论、商议、筹划、谋算,但却始终没有行动,而是“坐在羊圈内,听群中吹笛的声音。”(士5:16)
尤其是士5:15-16呈现A-B-A’的交错结构,前面是“心中定大志的,”后面是“心中设大谋的,”加在正中间的却是:“你为何坐在羊圈内听群中吹笛的声音呢?” 非常具有讽刺意味。
A:“在流便的溪水旁有心中定大志的。
B: 你为何坐在羊圈内听群中吹笛的声音呢?
A’: 在流便的溪水旁有心中设大谋的。”
参阅圣经注释如下:
“The song of victory itself begins with a call for Deborah and Barak to initiate the action. Blessing is pronounced on those tribes that responded freely to the muster for battle---Ephraim…Benjamin…Makir, Zebulun, and Issachar. (Judg 5:14-15) … A series of taunts implying curses is directed against the tribes of Reuben… Gilead, Dan, and Asher. (Judg 5:15-17) The tribes of Zebulun and Naphtali are praised for their parts in the battle. (Judg 4:18)”
(“底波拉之歌以呼吁底波拉和巴拉发起行动开始。那些自愿响应战事征召的支派——以法莲、便雅悯、玛吉、西布伦和以萨迦——受到了祝福(士师记 5:14-15)…… 针对流便、基列、但和亚设支派,则发出了一连串带有咒诅意味的讽刺(士师记 5:15-17),同时西布伦和拿弗他利支派因其在战事中的表现而受到称赞(士师记 4:18)。”(F. Duane Lindsey, Judges. The Bible Knowledge Commentary, ChariotVictor Publishing. 1985)
“Judges 5:14-18 give the poetic account of Deborah and Barak’s summons to battle. Ephraim and Benjamin, two southern tribes, are mentioned first, …Machir … here it refers Manasseh itself. Zebulun and Naphtali (v. 18) are singled out for special praise. … Other tribes, farther removed from the trouble, did not participate, and are mentioned in anger. Reuben, on the border with Moab, was the farthest away, and chose to stay in relative tranquility beside the campfires, listening to the whistling or playing small flute-line instruments to call the flocks of sheep. ” “Gilead (Gad) stayed beyond the Jordan, …Dan stayed in ships, … Asher remained on the coast.”
“《士师记》5章14至18节以诗歌形式记述了底波拉和巴拉召集军队投入战斗的情景。文中首先提到了以法莲和便雅悯这两个南部的支派;……“玛吉”……在此处指代玛拿西支派本身。西布伦和拿弗他利(18节)则受到特别的赞扬。……至于其他远离战事的支派,因未参与其中而受到愤然指责。位于摩押边境的流便支派距离最远,他们选择留在相对安宁的营火旁,听着风声呼啸,或是吹奏笛子以召唤羊群。……基列(迦得支派)留在约旦河东,……但支派留在船上,……亚设支派则留居海岸。”(John McMath, Judges, The Moody Bible Commentary, Moody publisher. 2014)
“The several tribes that assisted in this great exploit are here spoken of with honor. Ephraim and Benjamin, …Machir, … and Zebulun, …Issachar…and Naphtali. …In this great engagement she observes who stood neutral, and did not side with Israel as might have been expected. …Reuben basely declined the services (vv. 15-16). Two things hindered them from engaging. 1), their divisions. …2) their business in the world.”
“文中对那些协助完成这一壮举的支派给予了赞誉:以法莲与便雅悯……玛吉……西布伦……以萨迦……以及拿弗他利。……在这场重大战役中,她也留意到了那些保持中立、未如预期般与以色列并肩作战的支派。……流便支派卑怯地推辞了出征(15-16节)。有两件事阻碍了他们参战:1) 内部的分歧;……2) 世俗事务的羁绊。”(Matthew Henry’s Commentary, Zondervan, 1960)
“Deborah was grateful that the people offered themselves willingly in the service of the Lord, and the nobles did their share in recruiting soldiers from the tribes. Six tribes united in sending volunteers. … However, there were four tribes that didn’t volunteer and do their share of fighting. The tribe of Reuben pondered the call to arms but finally stayed at home….”
“底波拉感激那些甘愿为主效力的人,领袖们也尽责从各支派中招募士兵。六个支派联合起来,自愿派出了军兵……然而,有四个支派没有挺身而出,也没有分担作战的责任。流便支派曾考虑过这项征召令,但最终还是留在了家中……”(Warren Wiersbe, The Bible Exposition Commentary, Ole Testament History, Victor. 2003 )
所以,流便支派虽然有很多的商讨,参战值不值得?风险到底多大?由谁来负责任?最终结果如何?他们有很多的筹划和谋算,但他们最后决定留在羊圈内,听群中吹笛的声音。他们有太多思考,但缺乏实际行动,到底也没有去为主征战,因而受到批评责备。
综上所述,可以得出结论:士5:1 “在流便的溪水旁有心中定大志的,” 不是指在流便的溪水旁,有人胸怀大志,努力筹划,为主征战服事神。这句话的意思是:面对夏琐王耶宾的欺压,流便支派没有响应底波拉和巴拉的征召去为主征战,他们有太多的思想、讨论、筹划甚至谋算,但他们到底也没有采取行动,因而在底波拉之歌中受到责备。
感谢主
任运生牧师
主后二零二六年十一月七日


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